Abstract
Skin exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS cause aging of the skin via basement membrane/extracellular matrix degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We recently demonstrated that 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB), a natural compound of red algae, had a photo-protective effect against UVB-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes. The present study focused on the effect of BDB on UVB-irradiated photo-aging in HaCaT keratinocytes and the underlying mechanism. BDB significantly impeded MMP-1 activation and expression, and abrogated the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and intracellular Ca2+ level in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Moreover, BDB decreased the expression levels of c-Fos and phospho-c-Jun and the binding of activator protein-1 to the MMP-1 promoter induced by UVB irradiation. These results offer evidence that BDB is potentially useful for the prevention of UVB-irradiated skin damage.
Highlights
A family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is secreted and membrane-bound zinc-dependent endopeptidases that have the combined capacity to degrade all of the extracellular matrix components [1]
ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation stimulates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces the overexpression of MMP-1, -3, and -9 in human fibroblasts, resulting in the destruction of collagen that leads to wrinkle formation and sagging, characteristics of aging skin [5,6,7]
A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. These results suggest that BDB impedes MMP-1 expression by blocking the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Activator protein-1 (AP-1) in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes
Summary
A family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is secreted and membrane-bound zinc-dependent endopeptidases that have the combined capacity to degrade all of the extracellular matrix components [1]. UVB irradiation stimulates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces the overexpression of MMP-1, -3, and -9 in human fibroblasts, resulting in the destruction of collagen that leads to wrinkle formation and sagging, characteristics of aging skin [5,6,7]. These effects can be reversed by active antioxidant compounds to inhibit the expression of MMPs, including MMP-1, by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal
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