Abstract
Raman microspectroscopy is now well established as one of the most powerful analytical techniques for a diverse range of applications in physical (material) and biological sciences. Consequently, the technique provides exceptional analytical opportunities to the science and technology of biosensing due to its capability to analyze both parts of a biosensor system—biologically sensitive components, and a variety of materials and systems used in physicochemical transducers. Recent technological developments in Raman spectral imaging have brought additional possibilities in two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) characterization of the biosensor’s constituents and their changes on a submicrometer scale in a label-free, real-time nondestructive method of detection. In this report, the essential components and features of a modern confocal Raman microscope are reviewed using the instance of Thermo Scientific DXRxi Raman imaging microscope, and examples of the potential applications of Raman microscopy and imaging for constituents of biosensors are presented.
Highlights
A biosensor is a chemical sensor that uses a biochemical mechanism to convert quantitative or qualitative information about the analyte under study into a detectable signal
Raman microscopy has been used for decades and is well established as one of the most powerful analytical techniques for the analysis of complex biomaterials and monitoring biological processes [6]
The wideband spectrograph used in the DXR microscopes offers a unique design that enables them to measure the Raman spectrum in the 3500–50 cm−1 range at 4 cm−1 resolution independent of the excitation laser wavelength in a single exposure using a fixed grating mount [25]
Summary
A biosensor is a chemical sensor that uses a biochemical mechanism to convert quantitative or qualitative information about the analyte under study into a detectable signal. Being the method of the spectral analysis of molecules by essence, Raman microspectroscopy provides extraordinary capabilities for the characterization of biosensors and the processes involved in biosensing mechanisms [5]. Raman microscopy has been used for decades and is well established as one of the most powerful analytical techniques for the analysis of complex biomaterials and monitoring biological processes [6]. The characteristics, performance, and analytical capabilities of a Raman microscope play an important role in the successful application of the Raman microspectroscopy in biosensing research. The high spatial resolution enables the measurement of chemically the diffraction limit of light (less than 1 micron). Recent Developments in the Major Components of Modern Raman Imaging Microscope and Selected Examples
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