The real structures of clinotobermorite and tobermorite 9 Å OD character, polytypes, and structural relationships

Abstract

Clinotobermorite, Ca 5 Si 6 O 17 ·5H 2 O, is a rare mineral, structurally related to tobermorite 11 A. It is characterized by the presence of structural disorder (evidenced by the diffuseness of the reflections with k odd) which, until now, prevented the determination of its real structure. In this paper, a model for the real structure of clinotobermorite is proposed on the basis of OD theory, through examination of the X-ray diffraction pattern of a sample coming from the Wessels mine (South Africa). The proposed model, which assumes the presence of silicate double chains of wollastonite-type, is confirmed by structural refinements carried out for the two polytypes with maximum degree of order (MDO). The MDO 1 polytype of clinotobermorite (monoclinic, space group Cc, a = 11.276(2), b = 7.3427(8), c = 22.642(4) A, β = 97.28(1)°) was refined up to R = 0.15, whereas the two refinements performed on the MDO 2 polytype (triclinic, space group C1, a = 11.274(2), b = 7.3439(7), c = 11.468(2) A, α = 99.18(1), β = 97.19(1), γ = 90.09(1)°) converged to R = 0.12 and R = 0.10, respectively. In clinotobermorite infinite calcium polyhedral layers parallel to (001) are connected through double silicate chains [Si 6 O 17 ] 10- running along b; additional calcium cations and H 2 O molecules are placed in the channels of the resulting framework. By dehydration at 225°C, clinotobermorite transforms topotactically into a new phase, which also displays an OD character. The results of the structural refinement carried out for its triclinic MDO 2 polytype (space group Cc 1, a = 11.156(5), b = 7.303(3), c = 9.566(5) A, α = 101.08(4), β = 92.83(5), γ = 89.98(4)°) indicate that this phase, with crystal chemical formula Ca 5 Si 6 O 16 (OH) 2 , exhibits single chains of wollastonite-type, resulting from decondensation of the double chains. On the basis of the new detailed structural information a possible explanation for the enigmatic thermal behaviour of tobermorite 11 A has been proposed.