The real and chemical Gibbs energies of silver ion transfer from water to some organic solvents

Abstract

The real Gibbs energy, Δ s wα Ag + , and the chemical Gibbs energy, Δ s w G Ag + , of silver ion transfer from water to γ-butyrolactone, isobutyl methyl ketone and ethylene glycol have been determined experimentally as well as those for methanol and, in part, for acetone, which were considered to be test solvents. The Δ s wα Ag + measurements were carried out by the dynamic condenser method and the Δ s w G Ag + measurements were made using transfer cells in which tetraethylammonium picrate (TEAPi) solutions were used to eliminate the diffusion potentials, mainly in dipolar solvents. The Δ s wα Ag + data were used to calculate the surface potential differences between the studied solvents and water, Δ s w χ . These values were compared with the Δ s wχ values measured directly by the dynamic condenser method. The salt bridge containing TEAPi was used in those measurements, also, on the organic phase side. The effect of mutual saturation of water and isobutyl methyl ketone on the Δ s w G Ag + and Δ s wα Ag + and Δ s wχ was studied.