The 'Reading the mind in the Eyes' test and emotional intelligence.

Alberto Megías-Robles,Simon Baron-Cohen,María José Gutiérrez-Cobo,Pablo Fernández-Berrocal,Rosario Cabello,Raquel Gómez-Leal

doi:10.1098/rsos.201305

Abstract

The ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes' test (Eyes Test) has been widely used to measure theory of mind (ToM) or the ability to recognize the thoughts and feelings of others. Although previous studies have analysed its relationship with the ability to perceive emotions, the potential links with more complex emotional abilities remain unclear. The aim of the present research was to analyse the relationship between the Eyes Test and each of the emotional intelligence (EI) branches: perceiving, facilitating, understanding and managing emotions. In addition, we were interested in studying these relationships as a function of the Eyes Test difficulty. Eight hundred and seventy-four participants completed the Eyes Test and the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test. A stepwise multiple regression analysis for the total score on the Eyes Test revealed that the best fitting model included the understanding, perceiving and managing emotion branches, with the understanding branch being the one most strongly associated with performance on the Eyes Test. Interestingly, stepwise multiple regression analysis for the easiest items of the Eyes Test revealed the same predictors, but, in the case of the most difficult items only the understanding branch was a predictor. These outcomes were not moderated by the influence of gender. Our findings support the notion that the Eyes Test can be used as a ToM task and that it is associated with complex EI abilities. Limitations and future lines of investigation are discussed.

Highlights

Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to recognize the thinking or feelings of others in order to predict their behaviours and act [1]
The analysis of the gender differences revealed that women on average obtained significantly higher scores than men on MSCEIT total, MSCEIT facilitating, MSCEIT managing, Eyes Test total and Eyes Test easy items
Pearson’s correlations revealed that both MSCEIT total and the four branches of the MSCEIT were positively correlated with the performance on the Eyes Test task

Summary

Introduction

Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to recognize the thinking or feelings of others in order to predict their behaviours and act [1]. Some instruments are supposed to measure explicit verbal reasoning, such as the Strange Stories task [5] or the Faux Pas task [6], while others entail a more implicit social analysis, an example of the latter being the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test (Eyes Test) [7,8], a widely used instrument to measure ToM in adults. This is a 36 item test where participants have to indicate which emotion best matches the mental state that different eye images display. Olderback et al [11] have proposed that the perceiving emotions branch of the MSCEIT appears to operate differently to other emotion perception ability tests

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