Abstract
Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a critical issue for cancer patients despite recent treatment improvements. This study aimed to assess the incidence of AKI in cancer patients and its related risk factors. Methods A Retrospective cohort study was conducted at tertiary hospitals in the period 2016–2018. A data abstraction sheet was used to collect related variables from patients' records. During admission, the incidence of AKI was assessed using creatinine measurements. RIFLE criteria were used to classify it into five categories of severity: risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage renal disease. Results Using RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal disease) criteria, 6.9% of admissions were complicated with AKI. The severity of these fell into the categories of risk, injury, and failure, 3.3%, 1.7%, and 1.9%, respectively. In the multivariate model, the odds for developing AKI was significantly higher for patients with congestive heart failure (AOR = 17.1, 95% CI 1.7–80.1), chronic kidney disease (adjusted OR = 6.8, 95% CI 1.4–32.2 (P value 0.017)), sepsis (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.9–10.1), hypercalcemia (AOR = 8.4, 95% CI 1.3–46.1), and admission to the ICU (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI 2.1–16.2). In addition, the mortality rate was nearly seven times higher for patients complicated by AKI (relative risk = 7.6, 95% CI 3.2–18.2). Conclusion AKI was significantly associated with congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, sepsis, ICU admission, and hypercalcemia in cancer patients, resulting in poorer outcomes and higher mortality rates. AKI assessment for hospitalized cancer patients should be performed regularly, especially for patients at increased risk.
Highlights
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a critical issue for cancer patients despite recent treatment improvements. is study aimed to assess the incidence of AKI in cancer patients and its related risk factors
Cancer and its treatment can be associated with multiple AKI-inducing events [18]. e overall incidence of AKI in cancer patients is estimated to be higher than the rate recorded for noncancer settings [19,20,21]
Our study revealed that 6.9% of cancer patients’ admissions had AKI based on the adjusted RIFLE criteria. e distribution of patients with any degree of AKI was risk (3.3%), injury (1.7%), and failure (1.9%)
Summary
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a critical issue for cancer patients despite recent treatment improvements. is study aimed to assess the incidence of AKI in cancer patients and its related risk factors. Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a critical issue for cancer patients despite recent treatment improvements. Using RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal disease) criteria, 6.9% of admissions were complicated with AKI. The odds for developing AKI was significantly higher for patients with congestive heart failure (AOR 17.1, 95% CI 1.7–80.1), chronic kidney disease (adjusted OR 6.8, 95% CI 1.4–32.2 (P value 0.017)), sepsis (AOR 4.4, 95% CI 1.9–10.1), hypercalcemia (AOR 8.4, 95% CI 1.3–46.1), and admission to the ICU (AOR 5.8, 95% CI 2.1–16.2). AKI was significantly associated with congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, sepsis, ICU admission, and hypercalcemia in cancer patients, resulting in poorer outcomes and higher mortality rates. Despite the substantial improvement in cancer treatment in recent years, the incidence of AKI among cancer patients remains high. Another Chinese study recorded 14 to 20 percent AKI incidence depending on the hospital and community versus academic [5]
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