The rapid growth of Australia’s advanced age population

Abstract

Australia’s population at the highest ages is growing rapidly, driving increasing demand for a whole range of services often required at advanced ages. Unfortunately, official population statistics tend to become less accurate as age increases, especially in the centenarian ages. The aims of the paper are to (i) describe the growth of Australia’s population at the highest ages using methods which that provide greater accuracy and more detail than is available from official statistical sources; (ii) understand the demographic drivers of population growth at these ages; and (iii) urge caution with the use of official population data at the highest ages, and warn of some of the implications of doing so. State-of-the-art extinct generation and survivor ratio methods were employed to prepare robust estimates of Australia’s population by sex and single years of age for each year of the period 1971 to 2018. Results show that Australia’s population at the highest ages is growing very quickly. Over the 20 years to 2018 nonagenarians (those aged 90–99) grew in number from 63,000 to 181,000 (an increase of 185%), but centenarians (aged 100+) increased at an even faster rate, growing by 215% (from about 1300 to 4200). Official population estimates can be relied upon up to about age 85, but at higher ages the quality of single year of age population numbers may be poor. We encourage the ABS to adopt the methods described in this paper to produce official population estimates at the highest ages.