Abstract
In summary we found no significant difference between the radiographic appearances of pneumococcal pneumonia in HIV-1-infected and uninfected Kenyan adults. In clinical practice lobar and segmental consolidatory changes on chest X-ray with or without a pleural effusion can be used to support a diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia irrespective of HIV status. Variations from this pattern particularly the presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy would suggest dual or alternative pulmonary pathology other than S. pneumoniae of which tuberculosis is the most important. (excerpt)
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