Abstract
The solar chromosphere was daily observed in the Ca II K line from 1915 August 10 to 1985 July 7, and correspondingly, 938 synoptic maps are measured. The valuable database is utilized to explore phase relationship of long-term evolution of the quiet chromosphere and sunspot numbers. Temporal change of the quiet chromosphere is found to be in anti-phase with the solar cycle on the whole, as the small-scale magnetic elements whose flux is in a span of (2.9-32.0)×1018(Mx) do. The abnormal heating of the quiet chromosphere is accordingly suggested to be related mainly to the magnetic elements, and they may likely function in reducing chromosphere material loss.
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