THE QUESTION TO PART-OF-SPEECH (NON)DISTINCTION: LOCAL ADVERB OR PREPOSITIONAL-NOMINAL CONSTRUCTION?

Abstract

The paper is an attempt of analyse of the local adverbs that represent static і dynamic localization – a location of the object (relative to another object). The local adverbs are modelled [в/у + NAсc], [в/у + NLoc], [з + NGen], [на + NLoc], [на + NAсc], [під + NAсc], namely: в+гору, в+горі, з+гори, на+гору, на+горі, під+гору.More than 200 micro-contexts of the function of the adverbs in the South-Western dialects of Ukrainian language are analysed. The focus primarily lies on the semantic aspect.The purpose of the research is to analyse the peculiarities of the structure and semantics of the local adverbs of static and dynamic localization, on the example of the derivatives -гор(a) to identify the patterns of determining the part-of-speech status of the linguistic units (adverbs or prepositional-nominal construction), formed by these models. The adverbs (or prepositional-nominal constructions) represented the spatial opposition («upper part» – «lower part»).The sources of research are dialect dictionaries, card indices and texts, regional linguistic atlases, records of the dialectal speech by the author, and some other researchers, ethnographic and dialectal materials from XIX c. until now (Yakiv Holovats’kyj, Volodymyr Shukhevych, Volodymyr Hnatiuk, Antin Onyshchyk, Ivan Verchrats’kyj, Mykhajlo Zubryts’kyj, Zenon Kuzelia, Ilarion Svientsits’kyj, Mykola Hrycak and others).The semantics of adverbs and prepositional-nominal construction often coincides. This can be explained by the fact that semantic components united around the core component of the semantics of the basic word гора – ‘mountain’, ‘mountainous areas’, ‘hill’, as follows: ‘high in the mountains’, ‘on the mountain, on the top of the mountains’, ‘on the hill’ (a static localization); ‘towards the top of the mountain; to the mountain’, ‘in the direction of the top of the mountain (the hill)’, ‘downhill’ (a dynamic localization). It explains the relevance of the study.Micro- and macrocontexts are used to define semantics and grammar of words, «live» contexts. The analysis of derivatives, recorded in dialectological sources, also enabled to identify specific dialectal phonetic features at different levels of speech.Important are the linguistic factors (dependent words of the adjective-type declension (із гори високої, на тій горі, з другой горы), a repeat of derivatives (на горі, на горойці), toponyms and micro toponyms (на горi Мaківці, на гору на Городлівску), macrocontexts) and extralinguistic (recording location, background knowledge).