The quest for game changers - Review of new trends and innovations in the design of large-scale energy systems

Abstract

This paper presents a subjective review of emerging trends and innovations in the design of large-scale energy systems. The main research question is how societies are responding to serious concerns about climate change, access to resources, access to energy, and economic development. The aim of the study is twofold. Firstly, it aims at the identification of major changes and emerging novelties that may have an impact on the functioning of modern societies and the future shape of energy systems. Secondly, the aim is to present the increasing complexity and multidimensionality of the issues related to the planning and design of energy systems. In order to achieve the objectives, a short development history and the key features of large-scale energy systems are presented in the first place. Then, the AARTT review framework is proposed, which groups trends and innovations into five respective categories, namely: Awareness, Approaches, Resources, Technologies, and Tools. Within each category up to date literature, reports and projects have been reviewed, and as a result, a mind map has been built, which depicts key innovations. In the last part of the paper, a vision of the future energy system is created based on key findings of the literature review. It addresses the identified innovations and development trends as well as the fact that the global energy transition is noticeably accelerating. It is concluded that the fate of our future doesn't depend solely on technologies but rather a holistic approach and concerted multi- and interdisciplinary activities are required.