Abstract
ABSTRACT The institution of queen motherhood, or remnants thereof, is found across the African continent. A study of queen motherhood during the nineteenth century in the south-eastern region of Africa coincides with the European arrival and its inevitable deleterious impact on African institutions. The title of this paper is derived from the incident of the tragic death of one George Floyd in 2013 who suffocated to death from a police officer’s knee pressure that was exerted on his neck, reminiscent of imperial constriction on indigenous societies. In this study, the focus is on the lives and struggle of ooNdlunkulu/Queen Mothers Sutu and Nonesi of amaRharhabe and abaThembu, respectively. An exploration of the vicissitudes of these women is also part of the growing herstoriographies of European invasion. Also explored is the theme of the making of ooNdlunkulu and how the institution was sustained. The study of the two women provides the researcher with information on the leadership exercised by these women within the matripotent-filial legacy of izizwe zamaXhosa and abaThembu. The main feature of this institution is its existence within a fluid inter-relational system that was appositional as against the matriarchy-patriarchy binary that dominates current academic studies.
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