Abstract
Aliger gigas is an economically important and vulnerable marine species. We present a new mitogenome of A. gigas from the Mexican Caribbean and use the eight publicly available Strombidae mitogenomes to analyze intra- and interspecific variation. We present the most complete phylogenomic understanding of Hypsogastropoda to date (17 superfamilies, 39 families, 85 genera, 109 species) to revisit the phylogenetic position of the Stromboidea and evaluate divergence times throughout the phylogeny. The A. gigas mitogenome comprises 15,460 bp including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs. Nucleotide diversity suggested divergence between the Mexican and Colombian lineages of A. gigas. Interspecific divergence showed high differentiation among Strombidae species and demonstrated a close relationship between A. gigas and Strombus pugilis, between Lambis lambis and Harpago chiragra, and among Tridentarius dentatus/Laevistrombus canarium/Ministrombus variabilis. At the intraspecific level, the gene showing the highest differentiation is ATP8 and the lowest is NAD4L, whereas at the interspecific level the NAD genes show the highest variation and the COX genes the lowest. Phylogenomic analyses confirm that Stromboidea belongs in the non-Latrogastropoda clade and includes Xenophoridea. The phylogenomic position of other superfamilies, including those of previously uncertain affiliation, is also discussed. Finally, our data indicated that Stromboidea diverged into two principal clades in the early Cretaceous while Strombidae diversified in the Paleocene, and lineage diversification within A. gigas took place in the Pleistocene.
Highlights
Abbreviations AA Amino acid ATP genes Genes encoding ATP synthase subunits 6 and 8 Bp Base pairs COX genes Genes encoding cytochrome C oxidase subunits I-II-III CytB Cytochrome B D-loop Control region
The Queen conch, Aliger gigas Linnaeus 1758 (Gastropoda, Strombidae; previously Strombus gigas Linnaeus, 1758; synonym Lobatus gigas [Linnaeus, 1758]), is restricted to coastal regions of the western Atlantic from Bermuda and southern Florida to Brazil[1] from 5–20 m in depth[2]
The total length of the mitogenome is 15,460 bp which is consistent with other mitogenomes obtained from Strombidae species: Aliger gigas 15,461 bp[11], Lambis lambis 15,481 bp[14], Harpago chiragra 15,460 bp[14], Tridentarius dentatus 15,500 bp[15], and Laevistrombus canarium 15,626 bp[37]
Summary
Abbreviations AA Amino acid ATP genes Genes encoding ATP synthase subunits 6 and 8 Bp Base pairs COX genes Genes encoding cytochrome C oxidase subunits I-II-III CytB Cytochrome B D-loop Control region. We take advantage of the large number of mitogenomes in clade Hypsogastropoda available on GenBank, including the very recent Stromboidea mitogenomes published[15,37], and the two mitogenomes of A. gigas to: (i) present and describe a completely annotated mitogenome of A. gigas from the Mexican Caribbean, (ii) quantify intraspecific variation between our newly generated A. gigas mitogenome with that of one from off the coast of Colombia, (iii) evaluate interspecific variation among eight Strombidae species, (iv) confirm the phylogenetic position of Stromboidea and its relationship with Xenophoridae, as well as the relationships between eight
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