Abstract
By applying the relevant contents of time-dependent perturbation theory in present quantum mechanics, this paper operates the Hamiltonian operator on the existing steady-state wave function of the hydrogen atoms, creates the formula of the average energy loss per collision of a single photon with a neutral hydrogen atom. Then, by operating the Hamiltonian operator on the wave function of a helium atom, the expression of photon energy loss is extended to each bound electron in the neutral atoms of the general element. Applying theoretical derivation, it concludes that the photon’s energy, momentum, and frequency decrease with distance in an exponential attenuation law, or the wavelength increases with distance in an exponential growth law during the propagation in intergalactic space, the photons collide with neutral atoms in the medium. Compared with Hubble redshift law, we discover that these laws conform to the so-called Hubble redshift or cosmological redshift in form and quantity. Therefore, this paper reveals a new physical mechanism—the quantum redshift effect of the photon in astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology, thus challenging Hubble’s law and the Big Bang theory.
Highlights
The Big Bang theory considered the “Redshift” be evidence that the universe is expanding
By applying the relevant contents of time-dependent perturbation theory in present quantum mechanics, this paper operates the Hamiltonian operator on the existing steady-state wave function of the hydrogen atoms, creates the formula of the average energy loss per collision of a single photon with a neutral hydrogen atom
By operating the Hamiltonian operator on the wave function of a helium atom, the expression of photon energy loss is extended to each bound electron in the neutral atoms of the general element
Summary
The Big Bang theory considered the “Redshift” be evidence that the universe is expanding. Whether the redshift is evidence has always been a matter of great debate. The reason for the controversy is that after that explanation, few people have done in-depth research on the physical mechanism of the origin of the redshift, and physicists do not seem to be interested in this question, but rather in dark matter and dark energy. How photons travel through intergalactic space with a redshift is a mystery. There have been many theories in history, such as tired light theory, photon aging theory, intrinsic redshift theory, physical constant change theory, new tired light theory. No one can fully reveal its physical mechanism to convince the Big Bang theorists.
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