The quantity and quality of cardiovascular fat at mid-life and future cognitive performance among women: The SWAN cardiovascular fat ancillary study.

Abstract

Cardiovascular fat is a novel risk factor that may link to dementia. Fat volume and radiodensity are measurements of fat quantity and quality, respectively. Importantly, high fat radiodensity could indicate healthy or adverse metabolic processes. The associations of cardiovascular fat (including epicardial, paracardial, and thoracic perivascular adipose tissue [PVAT]) quantity and quality assessed at mean age of 51 with subsequent cognitive performance measured repeatedly over 16 years of follow-up were examined using mixed models among 531 women. Higher thoracic PVAT volume was associated with a higher future episodic memory (β[standard error (SE)]=0.08 [0.04], P=0.033), while higher thoracic PVAT radiodensity with lower future episodic (β[SE]=-0.06 [0.03], P=0.045) and working (β[SE]=-0.24 [0.08], P=0.003) memories. The latter association is prominent at higher volume of thoracic PVAT. Mid-life thoracic PVAT may have a distinct contribution to future cognition possibly due to its distinct adipose tissue type (brown fat) and anatomical proximity to the brain circulation. Higher mid-life thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (thoracic PVAT) volume is related to a better future episodic memory in women. Higher mid-life thoracic PVAT radiodensity is related to worse future working and episodic memories. Negative association of high thoracic PVAT radiodensity with working memory is prominent at higher thoracic PVAT volume. Mid-life thoracic PVAT is linked to future memory loss, an early sign of Alzheimer's disease. Mid-life women's epicardial and paracardial fat are not related to future cognition.