The Quality of Water of the Downstream of the Siak River, Riau Province, Based on Tidal Condition

Yuliati Yuliati,Etty Riani,Bambang Pramudya N Pramudya N,Achmad Fahrudin

doi:10.20884/1.oa.2017.13.1.276

Abstract

The quality of water in a river is affected by its natural condition and pollutant input originated from activities conducted around the river. In the Siak river, however, the black water effect influences thedistribution of the pollutant in general. To understand the quality of water in the black water affected by an area, a study was conducted from December 2015 to July 2016. The water was sampled during lowand high tides, in 8 sampling sites that were distributed along the river, from the mouth of the river in Siak Sri Indrapura Regency to upstream in Palas Village, Kampar Regency (around 180 km from the mouth ofthe river). The results showed that in the downstream of the Siak river, the quality of water during the low and high tides was worse than the 3rd Class Water Quality Standard issued by the Government Regulation (GR No. 82 / 2001) except for the concentration of nitrate, total coliform, Hg, oil and fat. The BOD was 14-39.2 mg/L (the high tide) and 17-45.6 mg/L (the low tide), COD was 51.76-80.62 mg/L (thehigh tide) and 51.76-69.12 mg/L (the low tide), NH3-N was 0.03-1.09 mg/L (the high tide) and 0.03-0.92 mg/L (the low tide), while the NO2-N was 0.13-0.17 mg/L (the high tide) and 0.13-0.22 mg/L (the low tide). Based on the Storet Index, the water of the downstream in the Siak river during the low and the high tide can be categorized as heavily polluted (score -52 to -70), and it tends to decline during the high tide.

Highlights

IntroductionThe condition of almost 80% of the river water in Indonesia shows a decline (MOE, 2013)
Rivers have versatile functions for human life and livelihood
The results showed that the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) value varied during the high tides and the low tides

Summary

Introduction

The condition of almost 80% of the river water in Indonesia shows a decline (MOE, 2013). The decline of the quality of river water has been characterized by increasing the parameters of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) (Lee and Nikraz, 2015), total ammonium, nitrite, phosphate (Dimitrovska et al, 2012; Kaur and Dua, 2016), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (Ahmed et al, 2015) and the level of heavy metals (Suthar et al, 2009; Azizullah et al, 2011; Bhuiyan et al, 2013). The Siak River is one of the main rivers in Indonesia, but its water quality has been declining. This River is one of the four main big rivers in Riau Province, and it is the deepest river in Indonesia (DCCOES, 2015). The Siak river has characteristic as a black water river (Baum et al, 2007; Wit et al, 2016), its water is reddish brown (Rixen et al, 2008; Siegel et al, 2009), as it contains humic acid compound (Amri, 2007; Siegel et al, 2009) that comes from the leaching of the surrounding

Methods

Results

Conclusion