Abstract
Adipokinetic hormones are peptide hormones that mobilize lipids and/or carbohydrates for flight in adult insects and activate glycogen Phosphorylase in larvae during starvation and during molt. We previously examined the functional roles of adipokinetic hormone in Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Here we report the cloning of the full-length cDNA encoding the putative adipokinetic hormone receptor from the fat body of M. sexta. The sequence analysis shows that the deduced amino acid sequence shares common motifs of G protein-coupled receptors, by having seven hydrophobic transmembrane segments. We examined the mRNA expression pattern of the adipokinetic hormone receptor by quantitative Real-Time PCR in fat body during development and in different tissues and found the strongest expression in fat body of larvae two days after molt to the fifth instar. We discuss these results in relation to some of our earlier results. We also compare the M. sexta adipokinetic hormone receptor with the known adipokinetic hormone receptors of other insects and with gonadotropin releasing hormone-like receptors of invertebrates.
Highlights
The adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is an insect peptide hormone produced in and released from the corpora cardiaca (CC) (Ziegler et al 1988; Van der Horst 2003)
In this paper we report the cloning of the fulllength cDNA encoding the putative AKH receptor from M. sexta, and we report fluctuations of the AKH receptor mRNA in fat body during the final larval instar, during pharate adult life, and during the early days of adult life
The tree topology indicates that AKH receptor amino acid sequences are not evolving slowly enough to be phylogenetically informative for deep splits within the Insecta, they may be phylogenetically informative at the insect ordinal level
Summary
The adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is an insect peptide hormone produced in and released from the corpora cardiaca (CC) (Ziegler et al 1988; Van der Horst 2003). AKH was first described in locusts to control the mobilization of fat body lipids for flight (Mayer and Candy 1969; Beenakkers 1969). It has the same function in other insects that use lipids as an energy source for flight, such as Manduca sexta L. AKH inhibits RNA synthesis (Kodrik and Goldsworthy 1995), protein and lipid synthesis (Gokuldas et al 1988; Ziegler 1997) and it stimulates locomotory activity in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Socha et al 1999). AKH has been shown to have a role in the immunity of Locusta migratoria (Goldsworthy et al 2005)
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