Abstract
Projected climatic changes for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia for the period 2025–2100 will be most intense in the warmest period of the year with more frequent and more intense heat-waves, droughts and flood events compared with the period 1961–1990. The country has examined their vulnerabilities to climate change and many public health impacts have been projected. A variety of qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used in the assessment: literature reviews, interviews, focus groups, time series and regression analysis, damage and adaptation cost estimation, and scenario-based assessment. Policies and interventions to minimize the risks and development of long-term adaptation strategies have been explored. The generation of a robust evidence base and the development of stakeholder engagement have been used to support the development of an adaptation strategy and to promote adaptive capacity by improving the resilience of public health systems to climate change. Climate change adaptation has been established as a priority within existing national policy instruments. The lessons learnt from the process are applicable to countries considering how best to improve adaptive capacity and resilience of health systems to climate variability and its associated impacts.
Highlights
IntroductionClimate change’s health risks are complex and wide-ranged: they include direct effects that mostly occur through increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and indirect effects that are mainly induced by changes in major environmental, social and economic determinants of health [1]
Climate change’s health risks are complex and wide-ranged: they include direct effects that mostly occur through increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and indirect effects that are mainly induced by changes in major environmental, social and economic determinants of health [1].Globally, there is increasing evidence showing the potential and emerging health impacts of climate change [2,3,4]
This paper reports the findings of the national health vulnerability, impact and adaptation assessment of climate change ((h)VIA) and describes the process and results of the development of the national health adaptation strategy and action plan (N(H)AP)
Summary
Climate change’s health risks are complex and wide-ranged: they include direct effects that mostly occur through increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and indirect effects that are mainly induced by changes in major environmental, social and economic determinants of health [1]. There is increasing evidence showing the potential and emerging health impacts of climate change [2,3,4]. Vulnerability to climate change is defined as propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected [5]. There is uncertainty about the timing, location, and severity of climate change. For Europe, the event with the most dramatic health impact attributed to climate change far, the heat-wave of
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