The Psychology of Culture Shock

Abstract

Foreword. Part I: The Psychology of Intercultural Contact. Introduction and Overview: Setting the Scene. Social Systems as Inputs, Throughputs and Outputs. Contact within and between Societies. Intercultural Contact: Processes and Outcomes. Groups in Intercultural Contact. Dimensions of Intercultural Contact. Outcomes of Contact. Theoretical Perspectives on Intercultural Contact. Intercultural Contact and Adaptation. A Model of the Acculturation Process. Chapter Summary. Part II: Theoretical Approaches to Culture Shock. Learning. Social Interaction. The Social Psychology of the Cross-cultural Encounter. Cross-cultural Differences in How People Communicate. Intercultural Communication Theory: Integrating the Communication Elements. Social Relations in Multicultural Societies. Cross-cultural Transition and Social Difficulty. Chapter Summary. Stress, Coping and Adjustment. The Stress and Coping Framework. Factors Affecting Stress, Coping and Adjustment. Social Identification Theories. Theoretical Perspectives. Identity, Acculturation and Intercultural Contact. Intergroup Perceptions and Relations. Social Identification Theories and Multicultural Ideology. Chapter Summary. Part III: Varieties of Travellers. Tourists. The Tourist Experience. Tourism and Intercultural Contact. Chapter Summary. Sojourners: International Students. Historical Perspectives. Empirical Research on Student Sojourners. Chapter Summary. Sojourners: International Business People. Cultural Distance, Work Performance and Adaptation of Business Sojourners. Expatriate Adjustment. Women in International Management. Repatriation and Inpatriation. Chapter Summary. Immigrants. Social and Political Influences on Immigrant Acculturation. Migrant Adaptation. Perspectives on Immigrant Youth. Chapter Summary. Refugees. Refugee Status and Mental Health. Pre- and Post-Migration Experiences and Adjustment over Time. Stress, Coping and Adjustment. Acculturation, Identity and Intercultural Relations. Chapter Summary. Part IV: Applications and Conclusions. Training. Training Principles, Issues and Aims. Cross-cultural Preparation in Historical Perspective. Sojourner Training. Training for Multicultural Living. Chapter Summary. Conclusion. The ABCs of Culture Shock. Intercultural Interactions: Then and Now. The Future. Final Remarks. References.