Abstract
The association of major depressive disorder (MDD) with myocardial infarction (MI) and vice versa is not unknown. Depression, along with many other systemic factors like atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes and vascular dysfunction, contributes to the development of adverse cardiac events in the future and, has always been a topic of interest in the fields of cardiology and psychosomatics. We wrote this review article to elaborate this relationship in detail. This article suggests that the individuals with type D personality who already had cardiovascular disease had undergone more serious myocardial damage. In addition, we elucidated the effects of depression on sympathetic activity and remodeling of myocardium after MI. The alterations in the neuroendocrine factors, which included the changes in levels of Serotonin (5-HT), Norepinephrine and Corticosterone, also geared towards the changes associated with depression-induced myocardial injury. However, we need more studies in the near future to further dig into this association process. Therefore, we recommend more research to explore the relationship of psychological factors and adverse cardiac outcomes.
Highlights
Background“At the root of this dilemma is the way we view mental health in this country
major depressive disorder (MDD) is the reason for 11% of the years lived with a disability, and up to 15% of the patients with recurrent MDD end up committing suicide [6]
A total of 215 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were given a survey which included the measure of type D personality. Their samples of blood were taken within three days of the ischemic event which included lipid profiles and cardiac enzymes. The conclusion of this cross-sectional study was that the patients who already had cardiovascular disease and type D personality were associated with more damage to the myocardium
Summary
“At the root of this dilemma is the way we view mental health in this country. Whether an illness affects your heart, your leg or your brain, it’s still an illness, and there should be no distinction.”- Michelle Obama. Their samples of blood were taken within three days of the ischemic event which included lipid profiles and cardiac enzymes The conclusion of this cross-sectional study was that the patients who already had cardiovascular disease and type D personality were associated with more damage to the myocardium. It could be explained by the presence of ST elevation (R2 = 0.07) along with higher troponin (R2 = 0.05) and myoglobin levels (R 2 = 0.07) [7]. The results concluded that 5-HT had decreased whereas NE, E, and GC had increased in the CUMS rats which proved that these markers could be associated with depression-induced myocardial injury. There was downregulation of Bax and Bcl-2 ratio in the escitalopram + D I/R group as compared to the D I/R group (p < 0.01) [11]
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