The pseudoendogenous anabolic steroid 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione does not occur naturally in Rhodiola rosea L. radix and rhizome

Abstract

BackgroundRhodiola rosea L. roots and rhizome (RRR) extracts are used as dietary supplements for temporary relief of symptoms of stress, such as fatigue, sensation of weakness, and for improvement of mental and cognitive function. RRR containing products are also of interest to sports nutrition experts and antidoping authorities. It has been suggested that nutritional supplements containing Rhodiola rosea extracts be examined for the presence of (pseudo-) endogenous steroids, specifically for the presence of 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (ADD) which can potentially lead to adverse analytical findings (AAFs) in doping controls. Aim of the studyThe aim of the present study was to detect and quantify ADD in Rhodiola roots and rhizomes collected in various geographical locations of North America, Europe, and Asia. ResultsADD was not found in RRR by any of three methods used in this study. No peaks corresponding to ADD in chromatograms of RRR extract were detected at the limit of quantification corresponding to 1.6 ng/g of ADD in dry rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea. ConclusionThe anabolic steroid 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione was not detectable in the Rhodiola rosea roots and rhizomes, at least not present in amounts which may be a concern for athletes who want to avoid the consumption of this anabolic agent with Rhodiola dietary supplementation.