The protective effects of ginseng plant extract (ginsana) and garlic powder against the bad effects of lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide on kidneys of female rats

Abstract

Ginseng and garlic are well known plants which have anti oxidant effects. The present study investigates the protective effects of ginseng extract and garlic powder on the bad effects of lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides (LTC). Eighty female Wister rats divided into 4 groups as follow; group (1) control group, group (2) injected with(9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC alone, group (3) injected with(200 mg/kg b.wt) ginseng extract (G115) followed by (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC, group (4) injected with (100 mg/kg b.wt) garlic extract (GA) followed by (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC All groups were injected intraperitonialy for 15 days (as a short term) and 21 days (as along term). Histological examination of the kidney sections showed severe congestion, besides cloudy swelling in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, vacuolar degeneration with necrosis. In addition to edema in the bowman’s space, hypercellularity and destruction with renal casts detected in some of renal tubules in animal injected with LTC only for 15 days. While rats injected with LTC for 21 days revealed thickening and edematous in the wall of the blood vessels with proliferation in the endothelial cells, besides thrombosis and hemorrhage. Chronic interstitial nephritis in most rats and perivasculitis were detected. Kidneys of rats pretreated with ginseng followed by LTC for 15 days showed protective effect in the form of disappear of the edema of bowman’s space and cloudy swelling except some necrosis and slight congestion. Whereas 21 days showed high protective effects by reducing of cloudy swelling and necrosis. Garlic also diminished the pathological alterations in the kidneys but lower than ginseng. Histochemical observation revealed, increases in the protein inclusion in rats injected with (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) lambda-cyhalothrin alone in comparison with control, while ginseng and garlic groups almost have normal protein inclusion distributions to some extant.