Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) threatens human health, so it is imperative that we find ways to prevent or treat it. In recent years, the study of polysaccharides has shown that they have different kinds of bioactivities. Among them are many biological effects that have been attributed to polysaccharide precursors. D-Isofloridoside (DIF) is one of the polysaccharide precursors from the marine red alga Laurencia undulata. This study evaluated the effect of DIF on alcohol-induced oxidative stress in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). As a result, DIF attenuated alcohol-induced cytotoxicity, reduced the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and effectively reduced alcohol-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. In addition, a western blot showed that, after DIF treatment, the expression levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) increased, while the expression levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), BCL2-associated X (bax), cleaved caspase-3, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase) signal transduction proteins reduced. This showed that DIF may protect cells by reducing the amount of intracellular ROS and inhibiting intracellular oxidative stress and apoptotic processes. Finally, molecular docking demonstrated that DIF can bind to SOD, GGT, B-cell lymphoma-2, and bax proteins. These results indicated that DIF can protect HepG2 cells from alcohol-induced oxidative stress damage, making it an effective potential ingredient in functional foods.
Highlights
Alcoholic beverages have played a role in human diet since ancient times
In the process of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpression, ROS can serve as a second messenger in the intracellular signaling cascade, which regulates the expression of apoptotic genes through MAPK activation, leading to apoptosis [44]
ERKs play a central role in cell proliferation and differentiation, while JNK and p38 are involved in stress response and apoptosis [48]
Summary
Alcoholic beverages have played a role in human diet since ancient times. Alcohol is known to negatively affect more than 60 health conditions [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data from 2014, the harmful use of alcohol results in nearly 3.3 million deaths per year, accounting for 5.1% of the global deaths due to disease. In 2018, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was ranked by the WHO as the second most common cause of death in humans each year. Long-term excessive drinking is the main cause of ALD [2]. ALD symptoms, including alcoholic fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis, can further cause steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and the most severe liver cancer [3]. Liver fat accumulation occurs in the early stage of ALD, and only this stage can be reversed
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