The Protective Effect of the Feed Additive-Adaptogen on the Rumen Microbiota of Sheep from Pathogenic Microorganisms

Abstract

AbstractThe rumen of cattle and small ruminants is a complex symbiotic ecosystem. Disorder of the species composition of the normal microflora of the rumen under the influence of various factors leads to a state of dysbiosis with a change in the ratio of different types of bacteria, a disturbance of the digestibility of digestive products, changes in enzymatic processes and other disorders. Normal microflora protects the organism from pathogenic microbes, stimulates the immune system, participates in metabolic reactions, and plays an important role in energy metabolism. Stress has a significant effect on changing the bacterial balance of the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal infections and chronic inflammatory diseases are accompanied by distressing, depressive disorders. Biologically active substances of an adaptogenic nature can exhibit immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activity. Adaptogen lithium ascorbate has stress-protective, neurotrophic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory properties. Lithium ascorbate as a feed additive affects all parts of the gut-brain axis, including the rumen microbiota. By NGS sequencing, it was found that the introduction of lithium ascorbate at a dose of 10 mg / kg of live weight into the main diet of sheep contributed to a significant decrease in the total content of pathogenic bacteria in the rumen content from 2.65% in sheep of the control group to 1.58% in animals of the experimental group. The content of useful pathogen antagonist bacilli increased from 0.31% to 0.52%, respectively. The content of undesirable and conditional-pathogenic microflora also decreased.KeywordsMicrobiotaLithium ascorbateSheepRumenNGS sequencingPathogenic microfloraUndesirable microflora