The protective effect of propolis against aluminum chloride-induced hepatorenal toxicity in albino rats

Abstract

BackgroundThe use of natural products is an essential way to new pharmaceutical leads for the discovery and development of new drugs to treat diseases. Propolis (Pro) is a natural resinous product produced by honey bees. It has a strong cytoprotective effect against various exogenous toxic agents. The current study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect of propolis against the toxicity of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on hepatorenal structure and function in male white albino rats.MethodsThirty mature males of albino rat, Rattus rattus, weighing about 80-90g were divided into five groups contained 6 rats each. The first group acts as a control (received only saline solution); the second group (Al) had given orally 40 mg/kg b.w. of AlC13, the third group (Pro) had administrated orally 150 mg/kg b.w. of propolis and the fourth group (Al+Pro) had given 40 mg/kg b.w. of AlCl3 in the morning and 150 mg/kg b.w. of propolis in the evening. These four groups had given the treatments for two months. The fifth group (Al-Pro) had given 40 mg/kg b.w. of AlC13 chloride for one month then had given 40 mg/kg b.w. of AlCl3 combined with 150 mg/kg b.w. of propolis for another month.ResultsThe AlCl3-treated group showed a significant increase in the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (AP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the plasma. Also, glucose, total protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the plasma were significantly increased. The histological examination for the liver and kidney sections revealed marked histopathological alternations. The treatment with propolis combined with AlCl3 improved the previous mentioned biochemical and histological alterations induced by AlCl3.ConclusionIt can be concluded that the combination of propolis with AlCl3 alleviated the toxic effects of AlCl3. The propolis has protective influences on the hepatorenal structure and function and could be able to resist AlCl3 intoxication.