Abstract
Jangkanghwan (JKH) is a Korean traditional food that is a mixture of food ingredients and traditional Korean medicine ingredients, and it has been observed to produce satisfactory anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. In the current study, JKH was administered by gavage to BALB/C mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced colonic epithelial dysfunction, and mouse body weight and food intake were recorded. Indexes such as colonic paracellular permeability, serum inflammatory cytokines, and bacterial translocation were used to comprehensively evaluate the regulatory effect of JKH on mouse colonic epithelial function, and qPCR and Western blot were also used to analyze the expression of tight junction (TJ)-related genes, such as occludin, claudin, zonula occludens (ZOs) proteins, and junction adhesion molecules (JAM) in the colonic epithelial tissue. The experimental results indicated that JKH relieved the edema of the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node tissues, and reduced the loss of appetite and diarrhea caused by LPS injection in mice. It increased the amount of mice food intake from 3.7 g/day in the LPS group to 4.7 g per day; the water content in the feces of mice in the JKH group was 13.86% less than that in the LPS group. JKH reduced the inflammatory response in mice caused by LPS, protected the integrity of the colon, the permeability of fluorescent macromolecules was one-fourth of the LPS group, and enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of TJ-related proteins in colon tissue. Our findings highlight that JKH has benefits in intestinal health and relieving systemic inflammation, relevant aspects of its use as a functional food.
Highlights
Jangkanghwan (JKH) is a Korean traditional food that composed of 12 ingredients, of which some are food ingredients and others are traditional KoreanIt has been previously demonstrated that TKM has a regulatory effect on the mucosal barrier function of theLong et al Appl Biol Chem (2021) 64:77 intestine [6]
Relevant clinical studies have confirmed that TKM has an advantageous effect on promoting the proliferation of probiotics, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and restoring the diversity and improving the balance of the intestinal flora [10]
The effective ingredients and their metabolites can be used by intestinal probiotics, but not by pathogenic bacteria, thereby selectively promoting probiotic proliferation and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria [12]
Summary
Jangkanghwan (JKH) is a Korean traditional food that composed of 12 ingredients, of which some are food ingredients and others are traditional KoreanIt has been previously demonstrated that TKM has a regulatory effect on the mucosal barrier function of theLong et al Appl Biol Chem (2021) 64:77 intestine [6]. After entering the intestinal tract, most of its active ingredients are metabolized and transformed with the intestinal flora to change their natural prodrug components, which are absorbed through the intestines to exert their clinical effects [8]. Relevant clinical studies have confirmed that TKM has an advantageous effect on promoting the proliferation of probiotics, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and restoring the diversity and improving the balance of the intestinal flora [10]. The effective ingredients and their metabolites can be used by intestinal probiotics, but not by pathogenic bacteria, thereby selectively promoting probiotic proliferation and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria [12]. The organic acids in traditional Korean medicines can acidify the intestinal environment, lower the pH of the intestine, and provide an adapted environment for the growth of probiotics [13]
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