The protective effect of Indian Catechu methanolic extract against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity, A rodent model of Alzheimer's disease

Ekramy Elmorsy,Eman Elsharkawy,Fahad A. Alhumaydhi,Mohamed Salama

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06269

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disorder with a wide array of manifestations, courses, and contributing causes. Despite being clinically characterized a long time ago; no treatment has been developed that could improve the pathology or slow down the disease manifestation- so far. Indian Catechu methanolic extract (ICME) has proved to have multiple beneficial effects that support its use in several disorders- especially those with complex etiology. In the present study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of ICME in a rat model of AD using Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3). The results showed that ICME could have a positive impact on the course of AD through its anticholinesterase effect and significant antioxidant effect which was reflected on the animals both on behavioral tests as well as hallmark pathological findings.

Highlights

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest cause of dementia that affects more than 35 million people worldwide and this number is believed to reach 65.7 million by 2030
The pathogenesis of AD is not identified, AD neuropathology is generally characterized by neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cholinergic neurons loss in the nucleus basalis of Meynert
Immunohistochemistry As beta-amyloid and tau are key factors in etiopathogenesis of AD, immunohistochemistry for Aβ1-42 and phosphorylated (p)-Tau in brain tissue in the rats' brain tissue was conducted following Delcambre et al The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Indian Catechu methanolic extract (ICME) as anti-Alzheimer plant material

Summary

Introduction

AD is the commonest cause of dementia that affects more than 35 million people worldwide and this number is believed to reach 65.7 million by 2030. The number of people with AD is expected to increase substantially in the coming years as the proportion of the population aged 65 years or more rises sharply (Alzheimer's Association, 2019). According to the cholinergic theory, the development of Alzheimer's disease symptoms is mainly related to structural alterations in cholinergic synapses, loss of specific subtypes of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, the death of ACh-generating neurons, and, the deterioration of cholinergic neurotransmission. These issues lead to a relative accumulation of the ACh-hydrolyzing enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (Stanciu et al, 2020)

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