Abstract
BackgroundRenal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) increases the rates of acute kidney failure, delayed graft function, and early mortality after kidney transplantation. The pathophysiology involved includes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune-mediated injury. The anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation properties of baicalin, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, have been verified. This study therefore assessed the effects of baicalin against renal IRI in rats.MethodsBaicalin was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before renal ischemia. Serum and kidneys were harvested 24 h after reperfusion. Renal function and histological changes were assessed. Markers of oxidative stress, the Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 signaling pathway, mitochondrial stress, and cell apoptosis were also evaluated.ResultsBaicalin treatment decreased oxidative stress and histological injury, and improved kidney function, as well as inhibiting proinflammatory responses and tubular apoptosis. Baicalin pretreatment also reduced the expression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB, and p-IκB proteins, as well as decreasing caspase-3 activity and increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.ConclusionsBaicalin may attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting proinflammatory responses and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. These effects are associated with the TLR2/4 signaling pathway and mitochondrial stress.
Highlights
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) increases the rates of acute kidney failure, delayed graft function, and early mortality after kidney transplantation
Baicalin attenuated renal dysfunction, ameliorated renal histologic damage, and decreased oxidative stress induced by IRI Rats that underwent renal IRI had showed significant increases in serum creatinine (Scr) (79.67 vs. 18.00 μmol/L) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (22.37 vs. 5.45 mmol/L) concentrations compared with the sham operated group
MDA content was greatly increased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was greatly decreased in kidneys, indicating increases in oxidative stress (Figure 1C)
Summary
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) increases the rates of acute kidney failure, delayed graft function, and early mortality after kidney transplantation. The anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation properties of baicalin, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, have been verified. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a proinflammatory pathophysiological process, can increase the rates of acute kidney failure, delayed graft function, and early mortality in patients undergoing kidney transplantation [1]. Baicalin is a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis [2]. This root, which has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, is a traditional Chinese herb widely used in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Baicalin has been shown to possess these protective properties as well, including against various inflammatory diseases [3,4,5]. Baicalin was found to reduce the expression of TLR2/4 and NF-κB, inhibiting the TLR2/4 signaling pathway [12]
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