Abstract
Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. The study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of AEE on paraquat-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in rats. AEE was against ALI by decreasing alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels in blood, increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels, and decreasing malondialdehyde levels in blood and liver. A total of 32 metabolites were identified as biomarkers by using metabolite analysis of liver homogenate based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which belonged to purine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, histidine metabolism, pantothenate, and CoA biosynthesis, ether lipid metabolism, beta-Alanine metabolism, lysine degradation, cysteine, and methionine metabolism. Western blotting analyses showed that Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3, caspase-9, and apoptosis-inducing factor expression levels were obviously decreased, whereas Bcl-2 expression levels obviously increased after AEE treatment. AEE exhibited protective effects on PQ-induced ALI, and the underlying mechanism is correlated with antioxidants that regulate amino acid, phospholipid and energy metabolism metabolic pathway disorders and alleviate liver mitochondria apoptosis.
Highlights
PQ is a non-selective herbicide with excellent effect, which has been widely used in the world for many years [1,2,3]
To verify whether Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) has a protective effect on PQ-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo, we explored the effect of AEE pretreatment on PQ-induced liver injury in rats
AEE significantly attenuated the increase in MDA and prevented the decrease in CAT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, GSH/GSSH ratio caused by PQ in rats (Figure 2)
Summary
PQ is a non-selective herbicide with excellent effect, which has been widely used in the world for many years [1,2,3]. The accumulation of PQ can damage the main organs such as lung, kidney, liver and heart [7]. It is reported that the liver is one of the main target organs of PQ poisoning, which is often accompanied by the formation of free radicals [8, 9]. The liver is the main metabolic and detoxifying organ of the human body [10, 11]. A multiple potentially harmful stimuli challenge the liver, including free radicals. It is well known that drugs and other substances are further transformed and metabolized after being absorbed by the body, resulting in the production of free radicals in the liver. Excessive free radicals produce oxidative stress on the liver, which in turn leads to oxidative damage to the liver [12]
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