Abstract
Obesity and diabetes is generally accompanied by a chronic state of oxidative stress, disequilibrium in the redox balance, implicated in the development and progression of complications such as micro- and macro-angiopathies. Disorders in the inner layer of blood vessels, the endothelium, play an early and critical role in the development of these complications. Blunted endothelium-dependent relaxation and/or contractions are quietly associated to oxidative stress. Thus, preserving endothelial function and oxidative stress seems to be an optimization strategy in the prevention of vascular complications associated with diabetes. Diet is a major lifestyle factor that can greatly influence the incidence and the progression of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The notion that foods not only provide basic nutrition but can also prevent diseases and ensure good health and longevity is now attained greater prominence. Some dietary and lifestyle modifications associated to antioxidative supply could be an effective prophylactic means to fight against oxidative stress in diabesity and complications. A significant benefit of phytochemicals (polyphenols in wine, grape, teas), vitamins (ascorbate, tocopherol), minerals (selenium, magnesium), and fruits and vegetables in foods is thought to be capable of scavenging free radicals, lowering the incidence of chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in diabetes and complications, highlight the endothelial dysfunction, and examine the impact of antioxidant foods, plants, fruits, and vegetables, currently used medication with antioxidant properties, in relation to the development and progression of diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
Highlights
Today, WHO and IDF (International Diabetes Federation) draws attention to the similarity of trends in obesity and diabetes in the World
Many traditional medicines in use are derived from medicinal plants, minerals, and organic matter, and many conventional drugs have been derived from prototypic molecules
Some studies and population observations highlight a real effect of plants on health and management of diabetes complications
Summary
WHO and IDF (International Diabetes Federation) draws attention to the similarity of trends in obesity and diabetes in the World. Diabetes is a silent and sneaky disease Some observations have revealed an inverse relationship between the risk of cardiovascular mortality or morbidity and the consumption of polyphenol-rich products (red wine, cocoa and tea) [17,18,19,20]. Their consumption brings several exogenous antioxidants and vitamins, increasing the antioxidant status of the organism, in addition to their direct effect on blood vessels and in particular on the endothelium [21]. We will discuss the appeal for the use of single molecules to the detriment of total extracts, thereby promoting molecular synergy
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