Abstract
Natural products have long gained wide acceptance among the public and scientific community in the gastrointestinal ulcerative field. The present study explore the potential effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on indomethacin-(IN-) induced gastric inflammation in male rats. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 8) control group, IN-induced gastric inflammation group via oral single dose (30 mg/kg to fasted rats) two AGE orally administered groups (100 and 200 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days) two AGE orally administered groups to rats pretreated with IN at the same aforementioned doses. The results declared the more potent effect of the higher AGE dose (200 mg/kg) as compared to that of the 100 mg/kg dose in the gastroprotective effects reflected by significant gastric mucosal healing of damage and reduction in the total microbial induced due to indomethacin administration. In addition to the significant effect to normalize the significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) values, and the significant decrease in the total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) values induced by indomethacin. The results support AGE antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potency reflected by the healing of the gastric tissue damage induced by indomethacin.
Highlights
The side effects of the anti-inflammatory drugs are one of the major problems in developing medicine today
The ulcerogenic mechanism of indomethacin suggested as accompanied with severe oxidative stress in gastric tissue causing damages to key biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA leading to increased accumulation of MDA, MPO, and accumulation of reactive products altering enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant parameters leading to enhanced oxidative damage during stomach ulceration [15, 31,32,33,34]
Where neutrophil accumulation within the gastric microcirculation and the levels of TNFα in the plasma of rats significantly increased following the administration of indomethacin accompanied by gastric injury [12, 35, 36]
Summary
The side effects of the anti-inflammatory drugs are one of the major problems in developing medicine today. Nutraceuticals are medicinal foods that have a role in maintaining wellbeing, enhancing health, modulating immunity, and thereby preventing as well as treating specific diseases [1]. Garlic represents an important source of antioxidant phytochemicals such as diallyl sulfide, S-allylmercaptocysteine, and ajoene, which is the optimal assurance for neutralizing free radical-mediated inflammation. It possesses hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, genoprotective, immunoprotective, and antioxidative activities [5,6,7,8,9]
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