Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals, caused by FMD virus (FMDV). An FMD outbreak can cause major production losses and have significant implications for trade. Vaccination can assist in controlling the disease, and emergency vaccination using high antigen payload vaccines (>6 PD50/dose) is considered an important control approach in the event of an outbreak. In recent years there has been a divergence of serotype A viruses in South East Asia (SEA) into several distinct genetic and antigenic clusters. Numerous variants were found to poorly match serotype A vaccines commonly included in international antigen banks. This study examined the ability of single vaccination with high-potency monovalent A22 IRQ vaccine to protect sheep following challenge with the A/VIT/15/2012 strain, just four days following vaccination. The vaccine proved effective at limiting clinical disease but did not prevent infection.
Highlights
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease that affects ruminants and pigs, caused by FMD virus (FMDV), a small, positive-sense RNA virus in the Genus Aphthovirus, Family Picornaviridae
The clinical scores and FMDV RNA load in blood, nasal swabs and oral swabs for each donor sheep are shown in S1 Fig. All coronary band (CB) inoculated donor animals developed generalised FMD with multiple lesions on the feet, mouth and tongue as early as 2 days post-challenge
As all unvaccinated contact-challenged (UC) animals had to be euthanized by 21 dpc, their carrier status is unavailable for comparison
Summary
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease that affects ruminants and pigs, caused by FMD virus (FMDV), a small, positive-sense RNA virus in the Genus Aphthovirus, Family Picornaviridae. Pigs, sheep and goats are the livestock species that play an important role in the epidemiology of FMD in many parts of the world, and sheep have been central to the spread of infection in numerous outbreaks [1, 2]. This spread is facilitated by cases often going undetected, as clinical signs of FMD in sheep are frequently mild or inapparent. Vaccination is often used to assist in controlling the disease, there is little or no cross-protection between the seven different serotypes, and varied cross-protection between
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