Abstract
This chapter discusses the history of research with human subjects, giving special attention to trends, cases, and controversies that have helped to shape ethical guidelines and policies, such as the Nazi experiments on concentration camp prisoners, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, and the Secret Human Radiation Experiments. It discusses important ethics guidelines and codes and provides an overview of the Belmont Report, U.S. federal regulations, and the role of Institutional Review Boards in oversight of human subjects research. The chapter also addresses some key concepts and principles in human research, such as informed consent, risks vs. benefits, privacy and confidentiality, protection of vulnerable subjects, and research versus therapy.
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