THE PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROCESS OF INSTALLATION OF KNOCKOUT POTS ON GAS PIPELINE

Abstract

Improving the factors of gas pipelines and optimizing the quality of transported gas is one of the main problems of the gas industry. To overcome these problems, gas treatment and transportation technology should be improved using the latest science and technology, and the efficiency and effectiveness of existing equipment should be increased. Sources of technological losses of gas are indicated, classification of losses on sources and facilities is given, it is noted that the losses are due to the lack of modern requirements for equipment used for gas collection, treatment, transportation and storage processes and equipment and technologies used in these systems. Due to the unsatisfactory performance of these devices and equipment, a large amount of liquid phase remains in the processed gas and is transferred to the transport system along with the gas. During transport, as a result of thermobaric influence of the environment, the thermodynamic parameters of the gas change and the process of condensation of hydrocarbon condensate and water vapor into liquids, i.e. phase transitions, resulting in changes in gas density and component composition. This, in turn, leads to an disbalance between the amount of gas delivered and received. The amount of gas losses in transport systems due to phase transitions varies depending on the seasons. On the other hand, under certain thermobaric conditions, retrograde phenomena such as "reverse condensation" and "reverse evaporation" can also occur. That is, evaporation can occur when the pressure increases, and condensation can occur when the pressure decreases. Due to the fact that the composition of the product produced during the depletion of the fields is constantly changing, the maximum condensing pressure set at the beginning of the development may not be sufficient for the next period. In this case, the lower temperature of the gas enriches it with water vapor and heavy hydrocarbons. Given that the main condition for the condensation of liquid vapors in the gas depends on the degree of saturation of the gas with vapors, then changes in pressure and temperature during transportation are important. Since phase transitions due to pressure and temperature changes during transportation were observed with hydrocarbon losses, gas “losses” were assessed based on physical and chemical analysis of gas samples taken from high and low pressure gas pipelines to assess these losses. Effective and efficient methods have been extensively studied and commented on in order to improve the factors of liquefied gas pipelines and optimize the transportation process. The structure, shape and properties of liquid-added gas streams were studied as a result of phase transformations in the gas stream under the influence of pressure, temperature and surfactants. In order to improve the factors of gas pipelines, to ensure that the quality of gas meets the standards, the methods of removing the liquid phase from the gas flow are explained and the effectiveness of these methods is verified. The main reasons for the removal of liquid additives from gas pipelines from the process with the help of condensate collectors and air pollution during operation are the release of ingredients from the shut-off valves and process equipment into the atmosphere. During the operation of condensate collectors, it is important that the level of contamination from the emissions of harmful substances from all sources is within the permissible concentration limits. In order to prevent the release of waste into the atmosphere during the installation and operation of condensate collectors in gas pipelines, environmental protection measures were taken and the possibility of calculating the amount of waste released into the atmosphere through the application of the "Ecologist-2.55" program. Keywords: Separation, gas, pipeline, condensate, temperature, liquid additives, atmosphere.