The Protection of Biological Diversity in Convention on Biological Diversity Framework

Salma Laitupa ,Alma Manuputty ,Marcel Hendrapati ,Silviana Noor

doi:10.7176/rhss/9-13-08

Abstract

Indonesia is the richest country in the world in terms of biodiversity. Indonesian coastal and marine resources have an important meaning for the world, considering that the flora and fauna species found in Indonesia's tropical waters are more than any other region in the world. The various marine and coastal ecosystems that exist provide sustainable resources for the majority of the Indonesian people. Discussing the richness of biodiversity, especially biodiversity in the sea, Indonesian waters is known as the center of distribution of world coral reefs, and has the highest level of biodiversity in the world. The world coral triangle area, covering parts of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific, is the center of the world's marine biodiversity. The triangle-shaped area covers all or part of the six countries' exclusive economic zone (EEZ), namely Indonesia, East Timor, Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands. Keywords : biodiversity, CBD, protection. DOI : 10.7176/RHSS/9-13-08 Publication date :July 31 st 2019

Highlights

The importance of living natural resources for humanity is recognized by the world community, which has formally agreed on an international agreement namely the Convention on Biological Diversity (“CBD”) in 1992
The CBD is one of the international legal instruments born from the conference International which was held in Rio Janeiro in 1992, officially took effect in 1993 where Indonesia ratified it in 1994.5
The CBD gives special attention to biodiversity which is considered very strategic in providing protection, so the CBD is a multilateral agreement that is undoubtedly the most accepted by the international community. 193 countries which are participating countries in the convention prove the importance of the role of the CBD in protecting biodiversity globally and sectorally, and in terms of protecting a country's sovereignty over its natural resources within its jurisdiction

Summary

Introduction

It is based on the physical fact that the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) was formed from the configuration of islands totaling around 17,504 islands,1 and most or almost 70% of the NKRI area is sea waters covering an area of around 5.8 million km2 with coastline (coastline) of 95,181 km2. 2 The configuration of such a large island, is mostly small islands with an estimated number of more than 10,000 islands.3 Indonesia is known as a maritime country and the largest archipelagic country in the world.4 With the enactment of UNCLOS 1982, the vast territorial waters of Indonesia have become very wide, namely 5.8 million km2, consisting of 0.3 million km2 of territorial sea, 2.8 million km2 of archipelago waters (archipelagic waters), and 2.7 million km2 of waters Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).5 In addition, UNCLOS 1982 has opened a new chapter on the determination of territorial boundaries and jurisdictional authority in the sea, in which the State of the Republic of Indonesia as an "Archipelagic State" legally has jurisdictional boundaries and authority over internal waters, Archipelagic waters, territorial sea, 6 Exclusive economic zones, high sea and continental shelf and international seabed are clearer.Indonesian sea areas have very important ecological, economic, socio-cultural and defense (defense and security) meanings, because of the large potential of marine resources for community livelihoods and basic capital for national development. 7 The magnitude of this potential, because considering the length of the coastline of Indonesia is 95,181 km2 of the number of islands reaching approximately 17,508 islands.8 The potential of Indonesia's marine resources can be broadly divided into 4 (four) groups: (1) natural resources can be recovered (renewable resources), (2) non-renewable resources, (3) marine energy, and (4) very potential www.iiste.org environmental services.1 In addition, marine resources are often classified into two groups, namely (a) living resources and non-living resources.2 Marine resources can be recovered (renewable resources), including coral reef ecosystems, seagrass beds, sea grass, mangrove forests, bioactive substances, and various types of fish, and other marine biota.3.

Results

Conclusion