The Progression of Modern Western Psychological Theories to Incorporate Religious Thought

Abstract

The focus of psychology has shifted significantly throughout modern history and separate schools of thought have developed to explain this important topic. Four considerable trends in modern Western psychology have progressed research and understanding, with each trend starting through a mindset to compensate for weakness in preceding theories. Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic psychology have facilitated a greater understanding of the human mind and experiences in a primarily constructive direction. However, these schools of thought intentionally excluded religious teachings and worldviews, despite the strong history of believers in religion and the positive benefits that religion can provide. Transpersonal psychology and positive psychology have explored religious experiences and practices, using this knowledge to advance psychology beyond the previous schools of thought and improving the psychological well-being of those who have gleaned from their findings. Analyzing and synthesizing these movements, as well as related fields of study, leads to recommendations for future directions to advance psychological research.