The progress and prospect of calcium peroxide nanoparticles in cancer therapy

Abstract

Recent advancements in nanomedicine have sparked interest in exploring innovative strategies for cancer therapy. Calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CaO2 NPs) have emerged as promising candidates with unique properties, including autonomous oxygen and hydrogen peroxide release and calcium ion generation within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review systematically examines the multifaceted applications of CaO2 NPs in cancer therapy. Particular emphasis is placed on their role in addressing challenges associated with tumor hypoxia, a prevalent condition influencing cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes. The article delves into three major applications: (I) H2O2-dependent anticancer therapy, exploring chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and its synergies with other modalities; (II) O2-dependent anticancer therapy, focusing on enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy; and (III) Enhanced radiotherapy, elucidating the pivotal role of oxygen in radiotherapy and the potential of CaO2 NPs to augment radiosensitization. Furthermore, the discussion encompasses the intriguing concept of calcium overload as part of Ionic Interference Therapy (IIT), elucidating the synergistic effects of CaO2 NPs in inducing cellular damage and enhancing imaging modalities. Overall, this review underscores the multifaceted potential of CaO2 NPs in revolutionizing cancer therapy and outlines avenues for future research and clinical translation.