The Profile of Urinary Headspace Volatile Organic Compounds After 12-Week Intake of Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin by Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet: Results of a Pilot, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Natalia Drabińska,Urszula Krupa-Kozak,Norman Ratcliffe,Elżbieta Jarocka-Cyrta

doi:10.3390/molecules24071341

Abstract

The concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can inform about the metabolic condition of the body. In the small intestine of untreated persons with celiac disease (CD), chronic inflammation can occur, leading to nutritional deficiencies, and consequently to functional impairments of the whole body. Metabolomic studies showed differences in the profile of VOCs in biological fluids of patients with CD in comparison to healthy persons; however, there is scarce quantitative and nutritional intervention information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of a gluten-free diet (GFD) with prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin (Synergy 1) on the concentration of VOCs in the urine of children and adolescents with CD. Twenty-three participants were randomized to the group receiving Synergy 1 (10 g per day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Urinary VOCs were analyzed using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Sixteen compounds were identified and quantified in urine samples. The supplementation of GFD with Synergy 1 resulted in an average concentration drop (36%) of benzaldehyde in urine samples. In summary, Synergy 1, applied as a supplement of GFD for 12 weeks had a moderate impact on the VOC concentrations in the urine of children with CD.

Highlights

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon-based molecules that are volatile at ambient temperature [1]
Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), a “gold standard” in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis, was applied to distinguish patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and healthy controls [8], as well as celiac disease (CD) and irritable bowel syndrome [6]
The present study indicated, that applied nutritional intervention did not have a strong effect on the profile of VOCs in urine

Summary

Introduction

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon-based molecules that are volatile at ambient temperature [1]. The qualitative and quantitative profile of VOCs in biological fluids can vary depending on the metabolic changes; the pattern of volatile metabolites may reflect the presence of disease [2]. Molecules 2019, 24, 1341 and the presence of gastrointestinal diseases [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The great success of previous studies contributed to the tremendous progress in the development of new analytical techniques for VOC detection, such as field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, successfully applied in the analysis of VOCs in gastrointestinal diseases [5,12]. Volatolomics was established as a new scientific domain with significant diagnostic potential [13]

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