The Production of FRW Universe and Decay to Particles in Multiverse

Abstract

In this study, first, it will be shown that as the Hubble parameter, “H”, increases the production cross section for closed and flat Universes increases rapidly at smaller values of “H” and becomes constant for higher values of “H”. However in the case of open Universe, the production cross section has been encountered a singularity. Before this singularity, as the H parameter increases, the cross section increases, for smaller H, (H < 2.5), exhibits a turn-over at moderate values of H, (2.5 < H < 3.5), decreases for larger amount of H After that and for a special value of H, the cross section has been encountered with a singularity. Although the cross section cannot be defined at this singularity but before and after this point, it is certainly equal to zero. After this singularity, the cross section increases rapidly, when H increases. It is shown that if the production cross section of Universe happens before this singularity, it can’t achieve to higher values of Hubble parameter after singularity. More over if the production cross section of Universe situates after the singularity, it won’t get access to values of Hubble parameter less than the singularity. After that the thermal distribution for particles inside the FRW Universes are obtained. It is found that a large amount of particles are produced near apparent horizon due to their variety in their energy and their probabilities. Finally, comparing the particle production cross sections for flat, closed and open Universes, it is concluded that as the value of k increases, the cross section decreases.