The Production of Carbon Nanofiber on Rubber Fruit Shell-Derived Activated Carbon by Chemical Activation and Hydrothermal Process with Low Temperature.

Sheng-Chang Wang,Suhdi Suhdi

doi:10.3390/nano11082038

Sheng-Chang Wang, Suhdi Suhdi

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11082038

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Abstract

Recently, the conversion of biomass into carbon nanofibers has been extensively studied. In this study, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared from rubber fruit shell (RFS) by chemical activation with H3PO4, followed by a simple hydrothermal process at low temperature and without a vacuum and gas catalyst. XRD and Raman studies show that the structure formed is an amorphous graphite formation. From the thermal analysis, it is shown that CNFs have a high thermal stability. Furthermore, an SEM/TEM analysis showed that CNFs’ morphology varied in size and thickness. The obtained results reveal that by converting RFS into an amorphous carbon through chemical activation and hydrothermal processes, RFS is considered a potential biomass source material to produce carbon nanofibers.

Highlights

IntroductionCarbon nanofibers (CNFs) are an essential material of carbon. That has been widely studied in various basic scientific research and industrial applications.carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are one of the most important members of carbon fibers that are usually useful in many applications due to their unique mechanical, physical, chemical, and electrical [1,2]properties, and they have fibrous, cylindrical, and cup-stacked structures that can produce a nano-scaled quantum effect [3]
As is known, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are an essential material of carbon
The rubber fruit shell activated carbon (RFSAC) began to decompose at about 200 ◦ C, reducing mass to around 80% at 700 ◦ C; both the dehydrated water discharge and oxidation processes were responsible for the mass loss

Summary

Introduction

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are an essential material of carbon. That has been widely studied in various basic scientific research and industrial applications.CNFs are one of the most important members of carbon fibers that are usually useful in many applications due to their unique mechanical, physical, chemical, and electrical [1,2]properties, and they have fibrous, cylindrical, and cup-stacked structures that can produce a nano-scaled quantum effect [3]. The utilization of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as a potential material has recently been demonstrated in a variety of fields, such as adsorbents [5,6], sensors [2,7], electrode materials and electromagnetic shielding [8], batteries, solar cells [9], supercapacitors [3], gas storage [10,11], and biomedical applications [12,13,14]. Alternate approaches to producing low-cost CNFs must be identified. In most cases, these initiatives aim to lower costs by using less expensive materials, lowering costs through processing or combining the two approaches

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