Abstract
The goal of the PHAR-QA (quality assurance in European pharmacy education and training) project is the production of a European framework for a quality assurance system based on competences for pharmacy practice. The PHAR-QA framework will be European, consultative and will encompass the various aspects of pharmacy practice. In this review, we describe the methodology to be used in the project and the first stage in the development of this framework. Using the proposals for competences produced by our previous PHARMINE (Pharmacy education in Europe) project, together with those of other sources, three university professors of pharmacy (Authors 2 through 4) produced a list of three major competency domains that reflect the activities of practitioners: Patient Care Competences, Personal Competences and Management and Organizational Structure Competences. Each domain was subdivided into nine, nine and eight competencies, respectively, for a total of 27 major competencies that were further subdivided into an average of five supporting competences per major competence, giving a total of 140 proposals for competences for pharmacy practice. The 27 and 140 proposals were ranked by an expert panel of seven university professors of pharmacy (Authors 5 through 11). The panel also commented on the proposed competences. On the basis of the ranks and comments, a list of 68 proposals for competences was produced. This list was then examined by the expert panel and a new version based on their comments produced. The latter process was repeated twice based on Delphi methodology. This review presents this process and the 68 proposals. We invite the pharmacy community to participate in the second stage of the elaboration of the PHAR-QA competence framework for pharmacy practice by ranking the proposals and adding comments. It is anticipated that this survey will stimulate a productive discussion on pharmacy education and practice by the various stakeholders (department staff and students, community, hospital and industrial pharmacists, as well as pharmacists working in clinical biology and other branches, together with representatives of chambers and associations).
Highlights
The goal of the PHAR-QA [1]project is the production of a European framework for a quality assurance system based on competences for pharmacy practice.The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) was launched in March, 2010
We describe the results of the first stage in the production of an EU framework for competences for pharmacy practice using a modified Delphi process
The questionnaire was based on the framework of competences for pharmacists produced by the PHARMINE (Pharmacy education in Europe) [6] work programme 3 [7] supplemented by frameworks developed for:
Summary
The goal of the PHAR-QA (quality assurance in European pharmacy education and training) [1]project is the production of a European framework for a quality assurance system based on competences for pharmacy practice.The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) was launched in March, 2010. The goal of the PHAR-QA (quality assurance in European pharmacy education and training) [1]. Project is the production of a European framework for a quality assurance system based on competences for pharmacy practice. Similar to the Bologna Process (started in 1999), the EHEA is meant to ensure more comparable, compatible and coherent systems of higher education in Europe. Area has led universities to harmonize their educational systems in order to amplify the mutual recognition of degree courses needed for student and professional mobility. This applies to all degree courses, pharmacy. Within the European Higher Education Area, the Bologna process developed university programs based on competences [2]. The use of competences eliminates ambiguity and clearly establishes what the student is able to do at the end of the program
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