Abstract
An endophytic fungus producing 1,8-cineole from Neolitsea pulchella (Meissn.) Merr. was identified as Annulohypoxylon sp. by phylogenetic analyses of the sequence alignments of ITS rDNA, β-tubulin, Actin and EF1-α. This isolate produces an attractive spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with only one dominant component, 1,8-cineole, as identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The fungus was able to grow in seven media with different carbon sources, and five raw agro-forest residues. The content of 1,8-cineole in the mixed VOCs via fungus reached up to 94.95% and 91.25% relative area in PDA and raw poplar sawdust, respectively. Under optimum test conditions, the fungus produced 1,8-cineole at the 0.764 ppmv in 50 mL head spaces in PDA. Interestingly, 1,8-cineole is an ideal fuel additive for both diesel and gasoline engines. Also, this is the first isolate, in this group of fungi, making cineole, which produces as its primary VOC product which makes it an ideal organism for strain improvement. Such as step will be critical for its ultimate use in biofuel production.
Highlights
It is estimated that less than 5% of the fungal species on the earth have been found and described [1]
An endophytic fungus producing 1,8-cineole from Neolitsea pulchella (Meissn.) Merr. was identified as Annulohypoxylon sp. by phylogenetic analyses of the sequence alignments of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, β-tubulin, Actin and EF1-α. This isolate produces an attractive spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with only one dominant component, 1,8-cineole, as identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
There are many methods to identify these volatile organic compounds, such as stainless steel column carbotrap technology [11], proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) [12], nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [13] and headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) [14]
Summary
It is estimated that less than 5% of the fungal species on the earth have been found and described [1]. When morphological data are missing, one can use internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data to aid in identification fungi [3] [4] [5]. Endophytic fungi are suitable for the discovery of new chemical entities including enzymes, and useful volatile organic compounds [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]. There are many methods to identify these volatile organic compounds, such as stainless steel column carbotrap technology [11], proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) [12], nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [13] and headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) [14]. HS-SPME-GC-MS is advanced in the analysis of volatile compounds in gas producing fungi because of its simplicity and speed
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