Abstract
In this article I will at least try to outline the necessary methodological assumptions for the future researches on the national identities of the inhabitants of the Polish ‐ Belarusian ‐ Lithuanian borderland. Then, using the results of the studies of the identities on the Polish ‐ Belarusian borderland, I will attempt to prove the thesis, that in present conditions, the national identity should not be treated as only subjective reflection of someone's national membership, described with the use of a given set of features on the different levels of objectification, but should be understood broader: declaration of the national identity also means taking of the certain position, defining of someone's place and duties within the dynamic and changeable national structure. We can distinguish four types of the collective actors, which shape the national identities on the studied borderland: (1) ethnic minorities (with which certain categories of the citizens identify), (2) national majorities backed by the power of the state in which the representatives of the minorities live, (3) the “foreigner fatherlands” (R. Brubaker) and (4) international organizations which create certain legal regulations and who monitor (control) their realization. In the studies of the national identity of the Polish‐Belarusian‐Lithuanian borderlands some theoretical approaches can be distinguished. There is a need to define, at least for the use in the studies, the concepts of national minority and ethnic minority, and to create a new theoretical category ‐ “the cultural nation”. The national (ethnic) minority can be distinguished in the specific minority situation, most frequently in the context of the other, dominant majority, as the community, which is less significant, subordinated and often discriminated. The notion of national‐ethnic self‐identification should be associated with the resourcefulness of the representatives of a given minority in certain environments.
Highlights
The re-gaining of the political-state sovereignty by, on the one hand, Poles, Lithuanians and their choice of the path of the democratic societies integrated in the frames of the European Union, and, on the other one, the establishment of the Republic of Belarus as an independent country with the necessity for the farther transformations, point out at the fundamental differences in the processes of shaping the national identities. the neighboring spatial locations and common or at least similar histories justify the hypothesis of the similarity of the transformations of national identities in those countries
Another important question would be: how to study the national identities of the inhabitants of Polish–Belarusian–Lithuanian borderland in the new conditions determined, on the one hand by the phenomena of gaining independence by Poland, Lithuania and the Republic of Belarus, while, on the other hand, shaped by the growing process of conscious choices of national identities by individuals? What ethnical and national resources are used by the inhabitants of the borderland to construct their identities? What is the role of the historical memory in those processes?
In search for the possible answers for the questions stated above, I will at least try to outline necessary methodological assumptions for the future researches on the national identities of the inhabitants of the Polish–Belarusian–Lithuanian borderland
Summary
In this article I will at least try to outline the necessary methodological assumptions for the future researches on the national identities of the inhabitants of the Polish – Belarusian – Lithuanian borderland. We can distinguish four types of the collective actors, which shape the national identities on the studied borderland: (1) ethnic minorities (with which certain categories of the citizens identify), (2) national majorities backed by the power of the state in which the representatives of the minorities live, (3) the “foreigner fatherlands” In the studies of the national identity of the Polish-Belarusian-Lithuanian borderlands some theoretical approaches can be distinguished. There is a need to define, at least for the use in the studies, the concepts of national minority and ethnic minority, and to create a new theoretical category – “the cultural nation”.
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