Abstract
The structure of amorphous alloys still has not been described satisfactorily due to the lack of direct methods for observing structural defects. The magnetizing process of amorphous alloys is closely related to its disordered structure. The sensitivity of the magnetization vector to any heterogeneity allows indirect assessment of the structure of amorphous ferromagnetic alloys. In strong magnetic fields, the magnetization process involves the rotation of a magnetization vector around point and line defects. Based on analysis of primary magnetization curves, it is possible to identify the type of these defects. This paper presents the results of research into the magnetization process of amorphous alloys that are based on iron, in the areas called the approach to ferromagnetic saturation and the Holstein–Primakoff para-process. The structure of a range of specially produced materials was examined using X-ray diffraction. Primary magnetization curves were measured over the range of 0 to 2 T. The process of magnetizing all of the tested alloys was associated with the presence of linear defects, satisfying the relationship Ddi p < 1H. It was found that the addition of yttrium, at the expense of hafnium, impedes the magnetization process. The alloy with an atomic content of Y = 10% was characterized by the highest saturation magnetization value and the lowest value of the Dspf parameter, which may indicate the occurrence of antiferromagnetic ordering in certain regions of this alloy sample.
Highlights
Ferromagnetics can be classified according to their ease of magnetization, where the classification criterion is the value of the coercive field
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Y and Hf content on the magnetization process of bulk Fe-based amorphous alloys
All of the tested alloys were characterized by an amorphous structure
Summary
Ferromagnetics can be classified according to their ease of magnetization, where the classification criterion is the value of the coercive field. In the case of a coercive field value of less than 1000 A/m, it is assumed that the associated materials are ‘soft magnetic’; in the range from 1000–10,000 A/m, ‘semi-hard’; and if greater than 10,000 A/m, ‘hard’ [1]. Materials with semi-hard magnetic properties are used, for example, in the construction of magnetic memory systems. Due to their ease of magnetization (and re-magnetization), alloys with soft magnetic properties are widely used in electronics and electrical engineering applications; for example, they can be used in the construction of low-loss transformer cores [2,3].
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