Abstract
Last century 50 - 70 years, the dam construction of Shiyang Inland River Basin (SIRB) profound impact on the distribution of water resources and arable land in the basin. Through data collection, field surveys and remote sensing image interpretation, we analysis the use of land and water resources change process in the middle and lower reaches of SIRB in recent decades. The results show: (1) The cultivated area of SIRB has been an upward trend in recent decades, The whole basin cultivated area has increased total 229,000 hm2 from 1973 to 2010 and mainly in the middle and lower reaches. Midstream increased by 149,700 hm2 accounting for 65.36 percent of total, downstream increased by 70,000 hm2 accounting for 30.70 percent of total. (2) The amount of surface water resources of downstream reduce significantly gradually since dam construction, and the water table sharp decline. While the volume of surface water resources come downstream from the 1950s accounted for 30 to 40 percent of the total gradually reduced to less than 10% in 2012; (3) since the arable land area of middle and lower reaches of SIRB basin substantial increase, so the surface water resource does not meet irrigation needs. Agricultural irrigation relies heavily on exploitation of groundwater to supplement, resulting in Regional Groundwater Depth dropped rapidly, and forming several huge funnel groundwater settlements. 20 years from 1981 to 2001 the groundwater level of midstream dropped from around 5m to around 10m in Wuwei, and in Minqin dam-region of downstream along faster rate of decline in 20 years fell from 8.52 m to 22.68 m. Dam construction project has changed the pattern of the basin water cycle, the middle reaches closure a large number of surface water resources led to downstream sharp decline. Downstream continued exploitation of groundwater formed a few huge funnel groundwater settlements, it caused serious ecological problems. The basin should adjust the industrial structure and develop water saving irrigation, promote a virtuous cycle of water resources, to achieve sustainable development, seek a sustainable development ways conversion natural oasis to artificial oasis efficiency in arid zone.
Highlights
Shiyang Inland River Basin (SIRB) is a water resource relatively closed inland river basin
While the volume of surface water resources come downstream from the 1950s accounted for 30 to 40 percent of the total gradually reduced to less than 10% in 2012; (3) since the arable land area of middle and lower reaches of SIRB basin substantial increase, so the surface water resource does not meet irrigation needs
The area of Cultivated Land in SIRB has been an upward trend in recent decades (Figure 1), in 1973 total of whole basin cultivated land is 470,700 hm2, Wherein the upstream 105,100 hm2, Accounting for 22.33 percent of total cultivated land of whole basin; the midstream 298,100 hm2, Accounting for 63.33 percent of whole basin; the downstream 67,500 hm2, Accounting for 14.34 percent of whole basin; By 2010 the cultivated area of whole basin has reached 699,800 hm2, Wherein the upstream 114,100 hm2, Accounting for 16.31 percent of total cultivated land of whole basin; the midstream 447,800 hm2, Accounting for 63.99 percent of whole basin; the downstream 137,800 hm2, Accounting for 19.70 percent of whole basin
Summary
Shiyang Inland River Basin (SIRB) is a water resource relatively closed inland river basin. Coupled with population growth and policy, economic, technological stimulation open up wasteland, Basin groundwater extraction, Production and living water and agricultural water in the middle reaches exponentially since the 1970s It causing downstream large plantations and natural vegetation reduce the arable land Stalinizations, the groundwater rapid decline, groundwater salinity Increase, The ecological environment sharp deterioration [4]-[8] (Xu et al, 1989; Xu et al, 1986; Han et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2002; Han et al, 2009). Through data collection and field investigation, we analyzed the basin water and land resources use and vegetation change process of SIRB before and after the water Reservoir Construction This is a comprehensive assessment of the ecological effects of dam construction, for scientific planning Basin Soil and water resources development and utilization, Implementation of integrated ecological environment
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