Abstract
This chapter evaluates the secondary literature with regard to understanding the context for contemporary cross-Strait relations. Following the review of academic studies, the chapter shows an evolving identity for the people of Taiwan, which includes both ethnic and institutional elements. In peeling back the layers of Taiwan's identity choice, the chapter begins to uncover how and why Taiwanese identity is highly political and increasingly convergent with the changing tides of political support on the island. The chapter then shifts to cover the politics of Taiwanese identity and assess the impact of the rapid ascent of China to world power status. It then turns to how the People's Republic of China (PRC) exerts pressure on Taiwanese identity. The chapter examines the closely related elemental role that Taiwan plays in relation to the Mainland, and the nexus of the United States, PRC and cross-Strait relations.
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