Abstract
Environmental and social concerns force logistics firms to evaluate various risk factors for intermodal transportation systems. In this context, this paper takes into account economic, social, and ecological risk factors that have attracted considerable attention toward sustainable transportation. In this paper, the allocation of export containers to transportation modes, by incorporating social and ecological risks with a main focus on the minimization of transportation costs, was examined. A mixed-integer-programming-based mathematical model was proposed to decide how the containers can be allocated to different transportation modes. In addition, a fuzzy-based approach was performed to determine the social and ecological risk weights of the transportation modes within the decision process. Each mode was evaluated with social risks (e.g., human accidents and deaths) and ecological risks (e.g., emission values and noise pollution) by decision makers via the assignment of numerical scores. The obtained results show that optimal transportation modes more economical and environmentally friendly were provided by the proposed methods.
Highlights
In recent years, intermodal transportation problems considering social and environmental impacts besides economic criteria have gained substantial attention
The proposed model was applied to the real data of a large-scale international logistics company
The risks of transport modes are scored by decision makers with linguistic variables and fuzzified
Summary
Intermodal transportation problems considering social and environmental impacts besides economic criteria have gained substantial attention. Despite the motivation to transport goods in a timely and optimal manner, transport considering social and ecological risks is important for human living. Rail, marine, and air transportation modes are used widely in the transportation sector. Rail transport with minimal costs is mostly preferred for heavy goods This transport is not affected by environmental conditions. Transportation with a minimum amount of social and ecological risk problems is required in a sustainable system. The ecological risk group includes the time spent in traffic, air toxics and particles, fuel efficiency, and ecosystem preservation. Decision makers evaluate the risk groups considering these sub-classes. Measuring the environmental results of the transport modes is very complex under uncertainties This problem needs a fuzzy logic approach [14]
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