Abstract
Hypothetical-deductive analysis is an alternative to both induction and deduction, the difference between which is considered less important. The hypothetical-deductive approach requires a scientist to abandon the synthetic theory of evolution in favor of the epigenetic theory. This latter treats species as a discrete level of biodiversity and, particularly, the one where sympatric biparental groups show reproductive independence. In the case of uniparental (asexual and parthenogenetic groups), as well as in bisexual allopatric groups, the species level of divergence is identifiable by analogy to sympatric biparental relatives. The biological and evolutionary species concepts are disproved: the former contradicts observation, and the latter is non-operational.
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