The problem of prevalence, thromboprophylaxis and diagnostic strategies of thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19

Abstract

Annotation. Coronavirus infection is associated with a large number of complications, among which thromboembolisms of various localization are extremely serious. This article presents an overview of current literature data on the prevalence, need for thromboprophylaxis and strategic diagnostic goals in patients who have experienced thromboembolism of various vessels against the background of COVID-19. From the PubMed, ScienceDirect, UpToDate, Web of science, Scopus databases, 30 sources were selected and reviewed that met the query conditions: the most recent publications (over the last 5 years) or the latest publications on this issue (regardless of the age). Thromboembolic complications arising from COVID-19 correlate with increased disease severity and worsening of treatment outcomes. Patients with COVID-19 had a high risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) (a significant proportion is pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities), in contrast to the heterogeneity of the development of arterial thromboembolic events (ATE) (low rates of development myocardial infarction and stroke). It is important to implement diagnostic and search strategies for early detection of thromboembolism in patients suffering from coronavirus infection. In addition, according to the opinion of most authors, the number of thromboembolic events decreases against the background of taking primary thromboprophylaxis, which is confirmed by a decrease in the percentage of thromboembolic complications in patients with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, conducting a more skeptical assessment of the possibility of the development of VTE is important for the prevention of complications of the coronavirus infection. The study of these problems allows us to use the acquired knowledge on the development of thromboembolic events in patients against the background of the incidence of COVID-19 in a more detailed and justified manner and, accordingly, to improve the methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these complications.