THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING HISTORICAL MOUNTAIN VILLAGES OF DAGESTAN

Abstract

One of the important components of the cultural heritage are architectural monuments that absorbed all the events and processes of society, reflected the characteristics of the material culture and the art of building. The human often destroys and remodels according to the new requirements, he creates the architecture, often much better and more accurately. Worldwide, there are historic cities ensembles and individual buildings, protected by the state and UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. The civilized world has realized the potential of the cultural heritage and the need for its conservation and efficient use. The source of human civilization wealth is the diversity of the cultural heritage. One of the major problems of architectural science is the study and protection of all components of the heritage. According to the Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage under the concept of cultural heritage are the architectural works, groups of separate or connected buildings, architecture, the unity of the landscape, presenting outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science. And so historically mountain villages are inextricably linked with the surrounding landscape, fall under the concept of cultural heritage and generate appropriate attention to his investigators. Physical loss (destruction) of any building is not only connected with the natural aging process, but also a number of external factors. But aging of buildings and building materials is a natural process. Eternal conservation practices do not exist even in the world. The main objective is to stop the processes of natural wear and tear, as well as minimizing the factors of acceleration. To save the mountain villages of Dagestan, falling under the concept of cultural heritage, it is necessary to conduct research that will make a tentative plan for the restoration, improvement and adaptation of the research object.